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2005-08-18    À´Ô´:http://www.putclub.com    ¡¾´ó ÖРС¡¿      ÃÀ¹úÍâ½Ì ÔÚÏß¿ÚÓïÅàѵ

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   ÔÚÕâÒ»¿ÎÀï, ÎÒÃǸ´Ï°ÏÖÔÚÍê³Éʱ̬, ͬʱҲҪѧϰһЩҽҩ·½ÃæµÄ´Ê»ã.Ê×ÏÈÎÒÃÇÌýÒ»¶Î¶Ô»°, ÄÚÈÝÊÇ˵¿­ÌغͺàÀû̸µ½Ò½Ò©±£ÏÕµÄÊÂÇé. ÇëÄã×¢ÒâÓ¢ÎÄÀÏʦµÄ·¢ÒôºÍÓïµ÷.

   F:  Our health insurance bill came yesterday. The cost has increased again.
   M: Again? We have had two increases this year.
   F:  Medical care has been so expensive lately.
   M: Remember when Peter was in the hospital after his accident last year?
   F:  I sure  do. The  hospital bill for that  was over    three  thousand dollars; and how  much did the doctor charge us?
   M: I don't remember. But our insurance paid for all the bills.
   F:  And Peter got excellent care at the hospital, didn't he?
   M: Yes, he did. I guess I can't complain about the money we have paid for health insurance all these years.

   ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇÀ´ÌýÓ¢ÎÄÀÏʦÓÃÂýËٶȰѶԻ°ÔÙÄîÒ»±é.

   F:  Our health insurance bill came yesterday. The cost has increased again.
   M: Again? We have had two increases this year.
   F:  Medical care has been so expensive lately.
   M: Remember when Peter was in the hospital after his accident last year?
   F:  I sure  do. The  hospital bill for that  was over    three  thousand dollars; and how  much did the doctor charge us?
   M: I don't remember. But our insurance paid for all the bills.
   F:  And Peter got excellent care at the hospital, didn't he?
   M: Yes, he did. I guess I can't complain about the money we have paid for health insurance all these years.

   ÏÂÃæÀÏʦÔٰѶԻ°ÀïµÄÏÖÔÚÍê³Éʱ̬¾ä×ÓÄîÒ»±é.

   F:  The cost has increased again.
   M: We have had two increases this year.
   F:  Medical care has been so expensive lately.
   M: I can't complain about the money we have paid for health insurance all these years.

¶þ.ÏÖÔÚÍê³Éʽ

   ´ÓÉÏÃæÄÇЩ¾ä×ÓÄã¿ÉÒÔÌý³öÀ´, ÏÖÔÚÍê³Éʱ̬ÊÇÓà has »òÊÇ have¼ÓÉ϶¯´ÊµÄ¹ýÈ¥·Ö´Ê¹¹³ÉµÄ.  ÕâÖÖʱ̬¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´±íʾ "¾­Ñé",±È·½ "ÎҵùýÐÄÔಡ" I have had a heart attack µÈµÈ; ÔÚÎʾäÀïÈËÃdz£³£Óà ever, e-v-e-r, ever    ºÍÏÖÔÚÍê³Éʱ̬ÎʱðÈË´Ó¹ýÈ¥µ½ÏÖÔÚÊDz»ÊÇÓйýijÖÖ¾­Ñé,  ±È·½:   "ÄãÊä¹ýѪÂð?" Have you ever had a blood transfusion?

   ÏÂÃæÎÒÃÇ×÷Ò»×é´ú»»Á·Ï°, ѧѧÕâÀà¾ä×Ó.Á·Ï°µÄ×÷·¨ÊÇÓÉÀÏʦÎÊÄãÒ»¸öÎÊÌâ,±È·½ "Äã¼ì²é¹ýÉíÌåÂð?" Have you ever had a health check-up?   ½Ó×ÅÀÏʦÄîÒ»¸ö×Ö»ò´Ê, ±È·½ "ÑéѪ" a blood test, Äã¾Í°ÑÕâ¸ö´Ê´ú»»µ½Ô­À´µÄ¾ä×ÓÀï.   ÔÚ×÷Á·Ï°µÄʱºòÄã¿ÉÒÔѧµ½²»ÉÙ¸úÒ½ÁÆ»ò¼²²¡ÓйØÏµµÄ×Ö»ò´Ê,       ±È·½  "ÊÖÊõ" an operation, "X¹â" an x-ray, "°©Ö¢" cancer, "С¶ùÂé±Ô"    polio,  "·Î²¡" tuberculosis µÈµÈ. ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇ¿ªÊ¼×÷Á·Ï°, ÿ×÷ÍêÒ»¾ä, ÀÏʦ¾Í°ÑÕýÈ·´ð°¸ÄîÒ»±é¸øÄãÌý.

   M: Have you ever had a health check-up?
   M: a blood test
   F:  Have you ever had a blood test?
   M: a blood transfusion
   F:  Have you ever had a blood transfusion?
   M: an operation.
   F:  Have you ever had an operation?
   M: an x-ray
   F:  Have you ever had an x-ray?
   M: serious diseases
   F:  Have you ever had serious diseases?
   M: high blood pressure
   F:  Have you ever had high blood pressure?
   M: a heart attack
   F:  Have you ever had a heart attack?
   M: cancer
   F:  Have you ever had cancer?
   M: polio
   F:  Have you ever had polio?
   M: tuberculosis
   F:  Have you ever had tuberculosis?
   M: medical treatment
   F:  Have you ever had medical treatment?
   M: medical care
   F:  Have you ever had medical care?

   ¸Õ²ÅÄÇЩÎÊÌâ¶¼¿ÉÒÔ»»Ò»¸ö·½Ê½ÎÊ,   ±È·½»¤Ê¿ÎʺàÀû:   "Äã´ÓÀ´Ã»Óеùý¸ßѪѹ,  ²»ÊÇÂð?"  You have never had high blood pressure, have you?  ¾ÍÊÇÒ»¸öÀý×Ó.ÏÂÃæÎÒÃÇ×÷Ò»×éÁ·Ï°,  Ò»·½Ã渴ϰʱ̬, Ò»·½Ã渴ϰÎÒÃǸղÅѧµÄдʻã.ÇëÄã×¢ÒâÌý»¤Ê¿ÎʺàÀûÎÊÌâ; ÕâЩÎÊÌâºàÀû¶¼Ò»Ò»µØ×÷·ñ¶¨µÄ´ð¸², ÔÚºàÀû»Ø´ðµÄʱºò, ÇëÄãÒ²Ò»Æð»Ø´ð.

   F:  You have never had polio, have you?
   M: No, I've never had polio.
   F:  You have never had tuberculosis, have you?
   M: No, I've never had tuberculosis.
   F:  You have never had high blood pressure, have you?
   M: No, I've never had high blood pressure.
   F:  You have never had a heart attack, have you?
   M: No, I've never had a heart attack.
   F:  You have never had cancer, have you?
   M: No, I've never had cancer.
   F:  You have never had serious diseases, have you?
   M: No, I've never had serious diseases.
   F:  You have never had a long term illness, have you?
   M: No, I've never had a long term illness.

   ÏÂÃæÎÒÃÇ×÷Ò»×éÁ·Ï°±È½ÏÏÖÔÚÍê³Éʱ̬¸ú¹ýȥʱ̬. ÒÔǰÎÒÃÇѧ¹ý¹ýȥʱ̬ÊÇÓÃÀ´±íʾÔÚ¹ýÈ¥Ò»¸öÌØ¶¨Ê±¼ä·¢ÉúµÄÊÂÇé; ¶øÏÖÔÚÍê³Éʱ̬ÓÃÀ´±íʾµ½Ä¿Ç°ÒѾ­·¢ÉúµÄÊÂÇé,  ²¢²»±íÃ÷ÌØ¶¨µÄʱ¼ä.    ÔÚ×÷ÏÂÃæÕâ×éÁ·Ï°µÄʱºòÄã»áÌýµ½Ò½ÉúÓÃÏÖÔÚÍê³Éʱ̬ÎÊ¿­ÌØ×÷¹ýijЩÊÂÇéûÓÐ, ÕâЩÎÊÌâ¿­ÌØ¶¼Ò»Ò»µÄ×÷¿Ï¶¨µÄ´ð¸²,  ²¢ÇÒÓùýȥʱ̬²¹³ä˵Ã÷ÊÂÇé·¢ÉúµÄÈ·¶¨Ê±¼äÊÇ "ÉϸöÔÂ".  ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇ¿ªÊ¼×÷Á·Ï°,ÔÚ¿­ÌػشðÎÊÌâµÄʱºòÒ²ÇëÄãÒ»Æð»Ø´ð:

   M: You have had a health check-up lately, haven't you?
   F:  Yes, I have had a health check-up. I had it last month.
   M: You have had a blood test lately, haven't you?
   F:  Yes, I have had a blood test. I had it last month.
   M: You have had an x-ray lately, haven't you?
   F:  Yes, I have had an x-ray. I had it last month.
   M: You have had an operation lately, haven't you?
   F:  Yes, I have had an operation. I had it last month.
   M: You have had a blood transfusion lately, haven't you?
   F:  Yes, I have had a blood transfusion. I had it last month.

   ÏÂÃæÒ»×éÁ·Ï°»¹ÊDZȽϹýȥʱ̬ºÍÏÖÔÚÍê³Éʱ̬. Á·Ï°µÄÄÚÈÝÊÇ˵µ½Ò½Ñ§ÉϵijɾÍ. Ê×ÏÈÄã»áÌýµ½ÄÐÀÏʦÄîÒ»¸ö±»¶¯Óï̬µÄ¹ýȥʱ̬¾ä×Ó,  ±È·½:    "È¥ÄêÓÐÐí¶àÈËסԺ." Many people were hospitalized last year.  ½Ó×ÅÅ®ÀÏʦ¾ÍÓÃÏÖÔÚÍê³Éʱ̬°Ñ¾ä×Ӹijɠ   "´ÓÄÇÒÔºóÓиü¶àÈËסԺ."  More people have been hospitalized since then.  Õâ×éÁ·Ï°ÀïÓÐЩ´Ê»ãÄã¿ÉÄܲ»Ì«Êì,    ±È·½     "ʵÑé"experiment,   "¼¼Êõ"    technique,     "ÒâÍâ"   accident,   "±ÜÃâ"     prevent,  "³É¾Í"achievement µÈµÈ, ÇëÄãÔÚÌýÀÏʦÄî¾ä×ÓµÄʱºòÒ»Ãæ×¢Òâʱ̬µÄ±ä»¯,   Ò»Ãæ×¢ÒâÕâЩ´Ê»ã. ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇ¿ªÊ¼.

   M: Many people were hospitalized last year.
   F:  More people have been hospitalized since then.
   M: Many people were treated last year.
   F:  More people have been treated since then.
   M: Many people were saved last year.
   F:  More people have been saved since then.
   M: Medical experiments were done last year.
   F:  More medical experiments have been done since then.
   M: Modern techniques were learned last year.
   F:  More modern techniques have been learned since then.
   M: Some accidents were prevented last year.
   F:  More accidents have been prevented since then.
   M: A lot of patients were cured last year.
   F:  More patients have been cured since then.
   M: Several hospitals were built last year.
   F:  More hospitals have been built since then.
   M: Medical achievements were made last year.
   F:  More medical achievements have been made since then.

   ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇÔÙÀ´¸´Ï°ÏÖÔÚÍê³Éʱ̬. ÏÂÃæÒ»×éÁ·Ï°ÊÇÓÉÀÏʦÓÃÒÉÎÊ´ÊÌá³ö±»¶¯Óï̬Îʾä,½Ó×ÅÀÏʦÄî³öÒ»¸ö´Ê×é,ÇëÄãÓÃÀÏʦ¸øÄãµÄ´Ê×éÀ´»Ø´ðÎÊÌâ. ÿ»Ø´ðÒ»¾ä¾ÍÇëÄãÌýÀÏʦÄîÕýÈ·´ð°¸.

   M: What have been done?
   M: medical experiments
   F:  Medical experiments have been done.
   M: What have been learned?
   M: modern techniques
   F:  Modern techniques have been learned.
   M: What have been prevented?
   M: some diseases
   F:  Some diseases have been prevented.
   M: What have been built?
   M: several hospitals
   F:  Several hospitals have been built.
   M: What have been made?
   M: medical achievements
   F:  Medical achievements have been made.

   ÔÚ½ñÌìÕâÒ»¿ÎµÄ¶Ô»°Àï, ºàÀûºÍ¿­ÌØÌ¸µ½ÁËÈ¥Äê±ËµÃסԺµÄÊÂÇé. ÏÂÃæÕâ×é´ú »»Á·Ï°µÄÄÚÈݾÍÊÇ˵µ½±ËµÃÈ¥ÄêÔÚÒ½ÔºµÄʱºò, ÄǼÒÒ½ÔºÉ豸·Ç³£ºÃ, ËûµÄÒ½Ò©±£ÏÕËù°üÀ¨µÄÏîÄ¿ºÜÖÜÈ«µÈµÈ.     Á·Ï°µÄ×÷·¨ÊÇÀÏʦÏÈÄîÒ»¸ö¾ä×Ó,   ½Ó×ÅÀÏʦÌá³öÒ»¸öÃû´Ê»òÊÇÐÎÈÝ´Ê, ÇëÄã°ÑÄãËùÌýµ½µÄ´ú»»µ½¾ä×ÓÀïÊʵ±µÄµØ·½. ÔÚÕâÒ»×éÁ·Ï°ÀïÄã¿ÉÒÔѧµ½Ò»Ð©ÓÐÓõĴʻã,±È·½"Ò½ÔºÉ豸"hospital equipment,"±£ÏÕ·¶Î§" insurance coverage, "±£ÏÕ·Ñ" insurance premium µÈµÈ. ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇ¿ªÊ¼×÷Á·Ï°, ÿ×÷ÍêÒ»¾ä»¹ÊÇÇëÄãÌýÀÏʦÄîÕýÈ·´ð°¸.

   M: The hospital equipment was excellent.
   M: medical treatment
   F:  The medical treatment was excellent.
   M: insurance coverage
   F:  The insurance coverage was excellent.
   M: expensive
   F:  The insurance coverage was expensive.
   M: insurance policy
   F:  The insurance policy was expensive.
   M: doctor's fee
   F:  The doctor's fee was expensive.
   M: hospital's bill
   F:  The hospital's bill was expensive.
   M: paid
   F:  The hospital's bill was paid.
   M: last insurance premium
   F:  The last insurance premium was paid.

   ÏÂÃæÒ»×é´ú»»Á·Ï°µÄÄÚÈÝÊÇ˵Ŀǰҽҩ·ÑÉÏÕÇÁË, Ò½ÉúºÍÒ½Ôº·ÑÓÃ, ÉõÖÁ½¡¿µ±£ÏշѶ¼Ìá¸ßÁË, ²»¹ýÒ½ÔºÉèÊ©ºÍÒ½»¤ÈËÔ±Ò²Ôö¼ÓÁË. ÇëÄãÔÚѧÉú×÷´ú»»Á·Ï°µÄʱºòÒ²»¹ÊÇÒ»Æð×÷.

   M: Medical expenses have increased.
   M: doctor's fees
   F:  Doctor's fees have increased.
   M: hospital charges
   F:  Hospital charges have increased.
   M: health insurance costs
   F:  Health insurance costs have increased.
   M: hospital facilities
   F:  Hospital facilities have increased.
   M: hospital employees
   F:  Hospital employees have increased.

Èý.Ìý¶ÌÎĻشðÎÊÌâ

   ½ñÌìÎÒÃÇÒªÌýµÄÎÄÕÂ˵µ½ÃÀ¹úµÄҽѧ³É¾ÍºÍÒ½Ò©±£ÏÕ. ±È·½ÃÀ¹úºÜ¶à˽È˹«Ë¾ÎªÔ±¹¤ÉèÁ¢Á˱£½¡¼Æ»®;    Ò»°ãÈËÒ²¿ÉÒÔ°´Ô½»±£·Ñ¸ø±£ÏÕ¹«Ë¾,  Óд󲡵ÄʱºòÒ½Ò©·ÑÓÃÓɱ£ÏÕ¹«Ë¾À´¸ºÔð.ÁíÍ⻹ÓÐһЩ´óµÄÒ½ÁÆ»ú¹¹ °ìµÄ½¡¿µ±£ÏÕ,»áÔ±Ò²Êǰ´Ô½»±£·Ñ, ÓÐÖØ²¡µÄʱºò¾ÍÔÚÒ½ÁÆ»ú¹¹¸½ÉèµÄÒ½ÔºÖÎÁÆ,   ·ÑÓÃÓÉÒ½ÁÆ»ú¹¹¸ºÔð. ÖÁÓÚÄêÀÏÆ¶À§µÄÈË, Õþ¸®Ò²ÓÐÒ½Ò©Õչ˼ƻ®.ÏÖÔÚÇëÄã×¢ÒâÌý.

   Americans are proud of the medical achievements made in this country. Medical scientists have found cures and prevention for such diseases as  polio and tuberculosis.  They have learned a great deal about cancer and heart disease. Many lives have been saved. American hospitals are the most modern and best equiped medical facilities    in  the  world. But this degree of excellence has been expensive.  Medical costs in the United States are very  high. There  is no  national health plan for Americans. But  there  are many  programs available for this purpose.  Many people  have health plans at the companies  where they work.  Under these plans,  the company pays a fixed sum of  money regularly  into a  fund. Then when the employee needs medical help,he can use money from the fund to pay for it. Other  people  have  health  insurance. They  pay  insurance  premiums  each month  to insurance companies which then pay for medical expenses when they are needed. In  some  medical  plans,  the  insurance  company is also the medical institution. People regularly pay the hospital directly. Then when they need medical treatment, they go to  the hospital without paying more money. The government has health insurance programs for older people, poor people and  those with long term illness. These programs make medical care available to those without  their own health insurance.

   ¸Õ²ÅÄÇÆªÎÄÕÂÄã¶¼Ìý¶®ÁËÂð? Èç¹ûûÓÐ, µÈÒ»»á¶ùÄ㻹Óлú»áÌý. ÏÖÔÚÀÏʦÏȰѽñÌì²âÑéµÄÈý¸öÎÊÌâÄîÒ»±é.

   µÚÒ»¸öÎÊÌâÊÇ:
   M: What have American medical scientists done?
   µÚ¶þ¸öÎÊÌâÊÇ:
   M: How do Americans pay for health costs?
   µÚÈý¸öÎÊÌâÊÇ:
   M: Who are helped by government health insurance programs?

   ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇÔÙÌýÓ¢ÎÄÀÏʦÓÃÂýËٶȰÑÕûƪÎÄÕÂÄîÒ»±é,    ÇëÄãÌØ±ð×¢Òâ¸Õ²ÅÄÇÈý¸öÎÊÌâµÄ´ð°¸.

   Americans are proud of the medical achievements made in this country. Medical scientists have found cures and prevention for such diseases as  polio and tuberculosis.  They have learned a great deal about cancer and heart disease. Many lives have been saved. American hospitals are the most modern and best equiped medical facilities    in  the  world. But this degree of excellence has been expensive.  Medical costs in the United States are very  high. There  is no  national health plan for Americans. But  there  are many  programs available for this purpose.  Many people  have health plans at the companies  where they work.  Under these plans,  the company pays a fixed sum of  money regularly  into a  fund. Then when the employee needs medical help,he can use money from the fund to pay for it. Other  people  have  health  insurance. They  pay  insurance  premiums  each month  to insurance companies which then pay for medical expenses when they are needed. In  some  medical  plans,  the  insurance  company is also the medical institution. People regularly pay the hospital directly. Then when they need medical treatment, they go to  the hospital without paying more money. The government has health insurance programs for older people, poor people and  those with long term illness. These programs make medical care available to those without  their own health insurance.

   ÏÖÔÚÇëÄã»Ø´ðÏÂÃæÈý¸öÎÊÌâ. ÿ»Ø´ðÒ»¾ä¾ÍÇëÄãÌýÀÏʦÄîÕýÈ·´ð°¸.

   µÚÒ»¸öÎÊÌâÊÇ:
   M: What have American medical scientists done?
   F:  They  have  found  cures  and  prevention    for  some  diseases and they  have  learned about others.

   µÚ¶þ¸öÎÊÌâÊÇ:
   M: How do Americans pay for health costs?
   F:  They pay with health plans and health insurance.

   µÚÈý¸öÎÊÌâÊÇ:
   M: Who are helped by government health insurance programs?
   F:  Older people, poor people and people with long term illness are helped.



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